logoreds.jpg (13299 bytes)

online.jpg (10320 bytes)

cnt.jpg (1039 bytes)lin.jpg (360 bytes)lin.jpg (360 bytes)lin.jpg (360 bytes)

lin.jpg (360 bytes)au.jpg (2906 bytes)lin.jpg (360 bytes)lin.jpg (360 bytes)lin.jpg (360 bytes)fb.jpg (2955 bytes)lin.jpg (360 bytes)lin.jpg (360 bytes)lin.jpg (360 bytes)gb.jpg (3100 bytes)lin.jpg (360 bytes)lin.jpg (360 bytes)lin.jpg (360 bytes)lc.jpg (2685 bytes)lin.jpg (360 bytes)
. .

O C E A N O G R A P H Y

.

 

Introduction

   top.jpg (2143 bytes)
   For centuries the world's oceans have provided us a means of travel, trade, exploration and
   defence, as well as a source of nutrition and wealth. As our knowledge of these vast water
   bodies grows, so does our grasp of their potential to fulfill a variety of our needs. We are now
   becoming increasingly aware of the vital role played by the oceans in the fulfillment of our
   economic, social and recreational requirements.

   Oceanography, the science of the oceans, is today of great significance to developing
   countries. The Indian coastline -stretching along approximately 6,500 kms, to demarcate a
   large, exclusive economic zone - offers a great scope for exploration.

   A narrative that attempts to cover major disciplines of oceanography -- marine geology and
   geophysics, physical oceanography, and marine chemistry and geochemistry -- should be
   prefaced with the explanation that these sub-fields of oceanography are related.
   Oceanographers and others involved in these disciplines often work together to unravel the
   mysteries and unknowns of ocean science. In many government - sponsored research efforts,
   preference is given to projects that integrate the separate disciplines of oceanography and
   incorporate important principles from each to better understand a system, phenomenon,
   event, or process.

   As a growing global population stresses the ability of our society to produce food, water, and
   shelter, we will continue to look to the oceans to help sustain our basic needs. Advances in
   technology, combined with demand, will improve our ability to derive food, drinking water,
   energy sources, waste disposal, and transportation from the ocean. It will be up to this and
   future generations to build upon our existing knowledge of the ocean and its potential to help
   meet the needs of the world and its inhabitants.

   A career in oceanography is bound to provide both challenge and opportunity to those with an
   intrinsic curiosityabout the world around them, a true sense of excitement in the discovery of
   the truth, and a desire to venture into the vast realm of the unknown which exists within our
   oceans.

   Oceanography is a multi-disciplinary science. In other words, it is a group effort, used by
   scientists of many different kinds, to understand the sea.

   Oceanography, therefore, comprises various specialized branches.

   NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF OCEAN TECHNOLOGY

   The National Institute of Ocean Technology (NIOT) was established in November 1993 as a
   registered society under the administrative control of the Department of Ocean Development
   with a view to developing technology relevant to the ocean sector. NIOT is also rendering
   consultancy services to Industry. NIOT is currently implementing major time-bound user

   oriented technology missions, such as Ocean Energy, Deep Sea Technology and Ocean
   Mining, Coastal and Environmental Engineering and Marine Instrumentation.

Your Career Options

   top.jpg (2143 bytes)
   CHEMICAL OCEANOGRAPHY
: It deals with the composition and quality of water. Its aim is
   to research and develop technology so as to profitably recover valuable elements from the sea.
   Chemical oceanography also tries to develop suitable solutions to pollution problems near
   shore waters, undertaking studies for the treatment of sewage, solid wastes and industrial
   effluents.

   MARINE GEOLOGY : As many interesting geological features as there are on land, nearly as
   many exist  under and at the boundaries of the oceans. Mountains, valleys, volcanoes,
   islands, plains, canyons -- all exist in similar form in the marine realm, the study of these
   structures is done by marine geologists.

   MARINE BIOLOGY :  It is the study of life processes in marine environments. Marine
   biologists research different aspects of marine life and allied economic systems. They look
   into how much food is produced in the sea, how it is produced, and what quantities can be
   further generated.

   PHYSICAL OCEANOGRAPHY : This deals with the physical properties of the ocean.
   Physical oceanographers study the interaction between the ocean and its boundaries -- land,
   seafloor, and atmosphere -- and the relationship between the sea, weather, and climate.

FAQs

   top.jpg (2143 bytes)
   Does oceanography offer bright prospects in India?

   Sure, specialized institutes have been developed along the coast to nurture the specific fields
   of oceanography. The institutes are some of the best in South-East Asia.The field offers bright
   future prospects and excellent pay-packages.

   What are some of the related branches ?

   Marine biology, marine geology, physical oceanography, chemical oceanography, and
   seismology related branches.

IT Perspective

   top.jpg (2143 bytes)
   Highly advanced systems are employed to study the vast water bodies. Complex systems
   developed through high-end programming and processing helps the oceanographers along with
   other scientists to perform tasks smoothly.

   In order to effectively generate ocean data products and disseminate them on operational
   basis, an Indian national Centre for Ocean Information Services (INCOIS) was set up at
   Hyderabad in February 1999 as an autonomoussociety under the Department of Ocean
   Development.

 

ACHIEVER
sylvia.jpg (21821 bytes)
Sylvia Earle

    Veteran oceanographer
    enthralls us with Wonders
    of the Deep.

    The spell-binding speaker,

    world - famous
    oceanographer Sylvia Earle
    has always enlightened
    people on the complexity
    of the oceans' ecosystem.

    Her remarkable career

    began in 1962 when
    President Kennedy made
    the Anton Bruun, formerly
    the presidential yacht,
    available as a U.S.
    Research Vessel. The
    program was under the
    auspices of the National
    Science Foundation.

    A marine biologist was

    needed. Her professor
    from Duke University
    encouraged her to apply
    despite the fact that
    women were rare aboard
    research vessels. She
    was accepted but her
    elation turned to chagrin
    when the Mombasa Daily
    Times announced: "Sylvia
    sails away with 70 men but
    she expects no trouble."

    Earle read his accounts

    voraciously and began to
    study her own background,
    the Gulf of Mexico. She
    believes oceans shape our
    lives.

    Indeed, 70 percent of our

    oxygen is generated in the
    ocean. What we knew 25
    or 30 years ago was short
    of the mark, she said. With
    underwater explorations,
    ideas have changed
    dramatically.

    By 1990, her career and

    reputation were well
    established. President Bush
    appointed her Director of
    the National Oceanic and
    Atmospheric Administration.
    Part of her job was to visit
    Kuwait to see the damage
    in the Persian Gulf War.
    She showed the Forum
    photographs of the 800
    burning oil wells. It was
    daylight but the pictures
    looked as though it was
    the dark of night. It was a
    distressing symbol of the
    damage war plays on the
    environment.

    In 1992, Earle left NOAA

    to found Deep Ocean
    Exploration and Research
    (DOER) to design, operate,
    and consult on manned
    and robotic sub- sea
    systems. She is currently
    chairwoman of DOER. She
    is a director of Dresser
    Industries which makes
    robots for undersea oil
    explorations. Her wish is to
    see that each of us could
    have our own submersible
    to explore the seas. She
    believes that education
    and knowledge are vital
    if we are to reverse our
    thinking that the oceans
    are a market.

    With her slides, she showed

    the destructive way fish are
    being "strip- mined." It is as
    though they were being
    bulldozed, she said.
    Because of the demand,
    the bluefish tuna population
    has dropped from 100
    percent to 10 percent in just
    20 years. Sharks are being
    depleted as well.

    But Earle is optimistic that

    wise use of the oceans is
    possible. For example,
    Australia stopped hunting
    whales several years ago
    and has changed to whale
    watching.

 

 

Your Training

   top.jpg (2143 bytes)
  Due to the highly specialized nature of this work, professional training is essential for the career in oceanography. A number
   of educational institutions provide course studies in oceanography. Owing to the practical necessity of conducting these
   courses in proximity to the sea, most of these programmes are located in the states bordering the coast.

   The most prestigious among these are: IIT , Chennai, Mumbai Institute of Technology, Cochin University of Science and
   Technology, Annamalai University and Karnataka Engineering College.

   The National Institute of Oceanography, Goa established a training division in 1984, for the development of trained manpower
   and quality research in ocean science and technology. To date, the institute has conducted a number of in-house training
   programmes for professionals in the field.

   These training facilities have also been extended to students from various universities and educational institutions, including
   the Birla Institute of Technology and Science, Pilani; Rani Durgavathi Vishwa Vidyalaya, Jabalpur; and Andhra, Cochin and
   Goa universities.

Your Personality Traits

   top.jpg (2143 bytes)
   Sea-worthiness, a sense of adventure, courage, perseverance, patience, a sharp intellect, an enquiring and analytical mind,
   ability to withstand boredom and loneliness, willingness to cooperate with colleagues of other disciplines and knowledge of
   swimming and diving are additional qualifications.

Are You Eligible?

   top.jpg (2143 bytes)
  For an M.Sc. in oceanography, a B.Sc. degree in one of the pure sciences in necessary.

   At the Ph.D. level, M.Sc. in any basic science is essential for eligibility to commence marine research. The majority of
   courses in oceanography are of three years' duration.

Your Preparation

   top.jpg (2143 bytes)
   Most oceanography courses in India are offered after Graduation in science. Hence, you must first complete your B.Sc.
   Before choosing your subjects in graduation if you are sure which branch of oceanography you wish to specialise in then, it
   would be helpful else you may have to go in for a specialisation which is not a hot favorite.

Institutes

   top.jpg (2143 bytes)
   POST GRADUATE COURSES IN OCEANOGRAPHY, MARINE SCIENCE & GEOLOGY

   EASTERN REGION :

   - Berhampur University Bhanja Bihar, Berhampur - 760007, Distt. Ganjam, Orissa

     M.Sc. (Marine Science); B.Sc. Degree
.

   - Utkal University, P.O. Vanivihar, Bhubaneshwar - 751004, Orissa

     M.Sc. (Marine Zoology); B.Sc. or B.Sc. and B.Ed. (Sc.)

   WESTERN REGION :

   - Goa University P.O. Santa Cruz, Teleigao Plateau, Goa - 403002

     B.Sc. (Marine Sciences); M.Sc. (Marine Sciences)

   SOUTHERN REGION :

   - Andhra Prudish University Waltair - 530003 Andhra Pradesh

     M.Sc. (Marine Sciences) specialization in

     * Marine Biology
     * Marine Geology
     * Marine Geophysics
     * Chemistry
     * Oceanography
     * Physical Oceanography

     M.Sc. (Meteorology) & Oceanography And B.Sc. in the related field

   - University of Madras, Centenary Building, Chepauk, Madras - 600 005 Tamil Nadu

     M.Sc (Marine Geology)
     M.Sc. (Ocean Life Sciences)
     For M.Sc. (Marine Geology) the requisite qualification is B.Sc. with Geology main or equivalent exam
     For M.Sc. (Ocean Life Sciences) the requisite qualification is B.Sc. with Botany or Zoology as main subjects

   - Manager University , University Campus, Mangala Gangothri - 574199 Karnataka

     For M.Sc. (Marine Geology) the requisite qualification is B.Sc. Degree

   - Cochin University of Science & Technology P.O. Cochin - 682022 Kerala

     M.Sc. in Marine Biology, Oceanography, Marine Geology the requisite qualification is B.Sc. Degree

Your Responsibilities

   top.jpg (2143 bytes)
   While making the best you use of the water resources you must also be a conservation enthusiast. As an oceanographer, if
   you are extracting the minerals or other valuables from the waters, plan out a way of returning to nature what you have taken
   from it.

   The rest of your responsibilities are directly proportionate to the requirements of your designation.

Your Working Conditions

   top.jpg (2143 bytes)
   Most of the times you will be surrounded by water bodies. Due to practical purposes, your work place will be located in close
   proximity to the  ocean or the sea. You work will invove reasearch and development to
improve our ability to derive food,
   drinking water, energy sources, waste disposal, and transportation from the ocean.

Your Future Prospects

   top.jpg (2143 bytes)
   Career opportunities for oceanographers are vast as well as varied. Those with the right qualifications can apply to companies
   in the private sector, with interests relating to marine industries, products or research, public sector organizations such as Oil
   India etc., Government establishments, including the Geological Survey of India and Meteorological Survey of India.

   There are no fixed rules for promotion in most branches of this profession. How high one rises, and how fast,depends entirely
   on the individual's ability. In general, a senior management level post is reached after approximately 20 year's service.

   Increased awareness regarding marine resources and their potential has created a demand for ocean specialists with the
   ability to predict its future conditions. A wide range of environmental services, including various marine industries, are required
   in India over the next 20 years to support increasing marine activities including weather forecasting, the survey charting of
   coastal waters and continental shelves, maintaining archives on marine data, geophysical investigations, and so on.

Your Remuneration

   top.jpg (2143 bytes)
  
Oceanography is a well paid field where after a post-graduation if an institution is joined, the incumbent can expect a salary
   ranging between Rs.8,000 - 10,000 along with other additional incentives. The increases are time-scale  in certain institutions
   and performance based in some. The highest of salaries at senior levels ranges from Rs. 50,000 - 80,000.

Related Occupations

   top.jpg (2143 bytes)
   Click here

Suggested Readings

   top.jpg (2143 bytes)
  
The Great Water Bodies by G. Hawthorne
   Oceanography - Study Series

 

        E m a i l     t h i s     p a g e      t o     a     f r i e n d
.

Recipient's Name :   
Recipient's Email :   
Sender's Name :   
Sender's Email :   

Search for:

© Copyright, 2000. icscareersonline.com
Site Designed, Hosted & Maintained by
CYBERHOME INFOZONE